The 8 Stages of Domestic Homicide

As part of our ongoing work on the prevention of gender based violence, we were pleased, that in February of this year, Rosie Lewis from the University of Hertfordshire hosted a webinar for the Foundation on Identifying Stalking and The 8 Stages of Domestic Homicide (Homicide Timeline).


The Homicide Timeline developed by Dr. Jane Monckton Smith, is set out below and maps the progression of abusive, coercive, and controlling relationships towards murder.


This framework is designed to help professionals and the public identify high-risk situations and intervene before a homicide occurs, shifting the view from "crimes of passion" to a predictable, planned process.


Stage 1: Pre-relationship

History The perpetrator has a history of stalking or abuse, often showing a pattern of controlling behaviour with previous partners.


Stage 2: Relationship Development (The "Whirlwind")

The relationship moves very quickly from the initial meeting to becoming serious and intense.


Stage 3: Coercive Control

The relationship is dominated by the perpetrator, who controls the victim's life and behaviour.


Stage 4: Trigger

An event threatens the perpetrator's control, such as a planned separation, financial issues, or illness.


Stage 5: Escalation

Controlling behaviour increases in intensity or frequency, including stalking, threats of suicide, or increased violence.


Stage 6: Change in Thinking

The perpetrator changes their mindset, deciding that the situation is unforgivable, often feeling rejected, humiliated, or vengeful.


Stage 7: Planning

The perpetrator actively prepares for homicide, such as buying a weapon, stalking the victim, or establishing a timeline.



Stage 8: Homicide

The homicide is committed, which may include the suicide of the perpetrator.


At the Foundation, we believe that building healthy relationships starts with education and at an early age. We have developed resources for Primary and Secondary students which can be accessed here - www.stevesinnottfoundation.org.uk/resources

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‘In a single hour vast tracts of shaded woodland became a jumble of torn trees and upturned soil, exposed to the glare of the summer sun. Such land-clearing events are rare, but forests exhibit remarkable resilience in the face of disaster. I’m told that the Chinese character for ‘catastrophe’ is the same as that which represents the word ‘opportunity’. And, the blowdown, while catastrophic, presented opportunities for many species.’ (Wall Kimmerer, 2003: 89). In the context of a volatile, uncertain, complex, and ambiguous world (Stein, 2021) what kinds of education for hope might support children’s and young people’s critical engagement in local and global issues? In the spirit of exploring the possibilities of hope further, this short article focuses on the area of global citizenship and sustainabilityrelated education. It will briefly open by sharing commonalities across pedagogical approaches that take up the concept and act of hope more critically, and close by offering reflective questions for educators, with suggestions for further reading. Perhaps it is a kind of hope that is grounded in the present, in future reimagining(s), in ethical solidarity, and an acknowledgement of our deep entanglement with the living metabolism of planet earth 1 our singular home (UNESCO, 2021); a hope that engages with complex root causes and lived realities of multiple overlapping crises in critically reflexive and contextually relevant ways. As McCloskey notes, ‘Hope can fire our collective imagination and critical consciousness as a mainspring to activism and intervention in the world.’ (2025: 3). Commonalities across critical pedagogical approaches to hope include: Acknowledging the context of a ‘seamless single story of progress, development and human evolution’ (Andreotti, V.D.O., 2021b Relating to social and ecological justice and the wellbeing of people and planet Using participatory, action-orientated and inquiry-based learning processes Exploring diverse worldviews and perspectives Practising grounding in the present with opening up possibilities for change (relational, embodied, response-able 2 ) Experiencing ‘struggle’ in different forms (dialogical, selfreflexive, open-ended) Engaging individual and collective agency, action and activism Looking for lifelong and life-wide learning and unlearning. 1 See ‘Co-sensing with Radical Tenderness’, in Machado de Oliveira Andreotti. 2021a 2 See ‘Crossing Borders’ in 2 Depth Education “Depth Education and the Possibility of GCE Otherwise, 2021b. Source: Andreotti, V. 2021a & 2021b., Atif, A. (2025)., Bourn, D. 2021., Bryan. A. and Mochizuki,Y., 2024., Giroux, H.A. 2025., Meade, E. 2025. Whilst engaging in the concept and act of hope more critically reflect upon: What kinds of education for hope might you explore further and why? How might you provide generative spaces for engaging in diverse worldviews and perspectives? In what ways can you facilitate individual and collective agency? How might you support learners’ practice grounding in the present in order to relate differently? In what ways can you support learners in navigating complex root causes and lived realities of local and global issues? As Chief Ninawa Hini Kui affirms, ‘The future depends much less on the images we project ahead than on our capacity to repair relations and build relationships differently in the present.’ (Andreotti et al, 2023: 73. An invitation for further reading: Transformative Learning for a Sustainable Future . d’Abreu, C., Belgeonne, C., Bourn, D. and Hatley, J. (2025) ‘Transformative Learning for a Sustainable Future’. DERC Research Paper 24. London: UCL Institute of Education. Hospicing Modernity: facing humanity’s wrongs and the implications for social activism. Machado de Oliveira Andreotti, V. (2021a) ‘Hospicing Modernity: facing humanity’s wrongs and the implications for social activism’ , London: Penguin Random House. Development Education and Hope . McCloskey, S. (2025). (ed) ‘Development Education and Hope’. ‘Policy and Practice: A Development Education Review’ , Vol. 41, Autumn. Centre for Global Education, Belfast. Link to and download the full reference list here